Unveiling Exam Success: Insights into Student Performance
Education shapes futures, but what factors play the most significant role in student success? This project explores student performance through data from a Kaggle dataset and a survey conducted among students from AUB and other universities. The goal is to uncover patterns and factors that influence academic achievement to inform educational strategies and mental health support.
The analysis highlights the prevalent academic and emotional challenges faced by students, such as high stress, poor mental well-being, inconsistent study habits, and inadequate resources. These factors collectively contribute to low academic performance and emotional instability. Using data-driven insights, the evidence demonstrates that high stress negatively impacts GPA, as shown in stress and exam score correlations. Furthermore, inconsistent study habits, particularly studying for 1-2 hours daily, lead to heightened variability in mental well-being, reflecting emotional instability. Parental influence also emerges as a critical factor, with students from higher-educated families performing better academically. These findings underline the need to address interconnected academic, psychological, and environmental barriers to improve student outcomes comprehensively.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have been a central focus of global environmental discussions. The issue of increasing CO2 emissions, largely attributed to human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels and industrial processes, has gained heightened attention due to its significant implications for climate change.
The last 30 years have witnessed a steady rise in global CO2 emissions, driven by rapid industrialization, urbanization, and an escalating demand for energy. As nations grapple with the challenges of mitigating climate change, understanding the patterns and drivers of CO2 emissions over this period becomes crucial for formulating effective strategies to address and curb the impact of gas emissions on our planet’s climate system.
We uncovered the top 5 countries contributing the most to CO2 emissions: Qatar, UAE, Kuwait, Bahrain, and Luxembourg. This discovery prompted a deeper investigation into the root causes of these alarming emission rates. Thus, the main question driving our following analysis is clear:
“What specific sectors are driving the extremely high CO2 emissions as a percentage of total fuel combustion in these nations?”
By scrutinizing the proportional contribution of each sector to the total fuel combustion. What emerged was a striking pattern: across several nations, a substantial portion of CO2 emissions stemmed from the sector of “electricity and heat production.“ This trend was particularly noticeable in nations like Bahrain, Kuwait, and Qatar. Conversely, in the cases of Luxembourg and the UAE, the sector exerting the most significant impact on emissions was “manufacturing industries and construction.”
This difference in contributing sectors highlights the intricate dynamics involved in shaping the emissions landscape of each country.
Delving deeper into the data, particularly focusing on Qatar, which ranked highest in CO2 emissions per capita, our detailed Scatter Plot Bubble Size visualization revealed a significant insight: a staggering 58.67% of its total emissions from fuel combustion are attributed to“electricity and heat production” Furthermore, 27.13% stems from “manufacturing industries and construction,” with the remaining 13.46% attributed to “transportation.” This breakdown elucidates the dominant contributors to Qatar’s emissions profile and underscores the importance of scrutinizing specific sectors in addressing mitigation strategies.
Further investigations, highlighted the direct relationship between the high CO2 emissions and the lack of Nuclear energy sources / Combustible Renewable and Waste as shown below, highlighting the fact that the lower the usage of alternative green energy sources to generate electricity, the higher the CO2 emissions.
The analysis highlights significantly elevated CO2 emissions in Qatar, UAE, Kuwait, Bahrain, and Luxembourg, primarily originating from electricity and heat production, as well as manufacturing industries and construction. This reliance on non-renewable sources, coupled with the absence of Green energy alternatives like Nuclear Plants and Renewable energy, underscores the URGENT need for diversification towards cleaner energy options. To address this, targeted strategies focusing on reducing emissions from high-contributing sectors such as electricity and heat production, manufacturing industries, and transportation are recommended. Additionally, there is a crucial emphasis on accelerating the integration of renewable energy sources and energy-efficient technologies to lessen dependence on fossil fuels and mitigate emissions. Advocating for sustainable practices in the manufacturing and construction sectors, including the use of green building materials and energy-efficient processes, is essential for achieving significant emission reductions.
Imagine a journey through time, from 2012 to 2021, where Primary Education Expenditure in the MENA region is on a decreasing trend from 4% to 3%. It’s a concerning trend that threatens the very foundation of education for our children.
The Problem
The problem is crystal clear. When you cut down on education spending, you’re essentially trimming the wings of future generations. The numbers don’t lie. The shrinking budget for primary education means dilapidated schools, underpaid teachers, and a lack of essential learning materials.
The Bright Path Forward
The road to recovery starts with one word: Investment.
Pouring more funds into primary education.
Making the most of available resources.
Shouting from the rooftops about why this matters.
Rewarding those who make it happen.
How do we know our solution works?
Numbers don’t lie, but they can also tell a tale of triumph. And “Cote D’ivoire” is a great example. When increasing the educational expenditure, the percentage of children school drop outs decreased from 31% in 2013 to 3.1% in 2021.
Recommendation
The results speak for themselves. More investment equals better education. Keep the funds flowing, optimize, and let’s champion education together.
When we invest in primary education, we invest in brighter futures. It’s high time MENA governments heed the call and secure quality education for all.
In the spirit of collaboration, the incredible individuals behind this project:
Anthony Aramouny
Ghassan Shammas
Malak Wehbe
Mohammad Abdul Rahman
Rawad Abi Zeid
Zeinab Mortada
Prices Variation Rational
Commodities price variation in Lebanon has been the center of many socio-economic activities and concerns in the past 2 decades. In fact, notwithstanding the underlying concept of inflation (or deflation), the issue has a deep social stability construct: Food security for the poor and the poorer. No matter what the GDP is per capita, it is essential to understand that when commodities prices vary a substrate of the Lebanese society feels the impact much stronger than others: those below the line of poverty.
The Problem
Relying on the data published by www.humdata.org on the yearly prices of goods in Lebanon, it is clear that the consumer encounters prices variation, within the same period of time between the different regions in Lebanon. This is clear in the visuals published below.
We believe that the problem resides in the following issues:
Lebanon lacks sufficient personnel involved in the prices control at the economy of economy and trade.
It has Limited reach on price controls and prices ceiling.
It Lacks specialized domestic food security experts.
It lacks total agricultural programming to supplement the market with commodities in crisis.
It lacks cheap national transport routes for bulk products such as railways. The cost of transport may exceed 30% of the final cost of a commodity.
Details
It is necessary to divide the time series into 3 periods:
From 2012 to October 2019 i.e. precrisis period
From October 2019 until end of 2021 (crisis period with subsidized goods)
2022 until now, post crisis and post subsidies.
The banking and financial crisis in Lebanon imposed mainly two constraints on the food security issue: i) the strong volatility of the exchange rate against a fixed low official rate of LB1500/$, ii) a subsequent spiraling inflation rate that was strongly reflected on the prices of goods in the country.
Meanwhile, during the first 2 years of the crisis, the government had subsidies on fuel and its derivatives, wheat and bread and some other commodities. The subsidies were lifted during 2021, and the prices were” floating”. For a short period of time, the prices oscillated without any rational and later stabilized due to the rapid dollarization of the retail market: The Lebanese Pound became almost obsolete, superseded by the US$ as a cash for retail transactions. It is to be noted that the salary of the public sector is still indexed to the “old” Lebanese pound exchange rate and hence the public servant are actually those who suffer the most the impact of price variation in Lebanon. Explore Our Interactive Dashboard below: For a more in-depth look at our project, we invite you to explore our interactive dashboard. It’s designed to provide you with detailed analytics, and visual insights into our work.
We value your thoughts and feedback! If you have any questions, comments, or insights, please feel free to share them in the comment section below.
The rise in traffic accidents in the United States poses a critical threat to public safety and disrupts the efficiency of road networks. This trend not only jeopardizes lives but also undermines the reliability of the transportation system, leading to unpredictable and dangerous road conditions. Additionally, these frequent incidents have significant economic implications, straining resources and impacting the broader economy. In 2019, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) estimated the economic cost of motor vehicle crashes at $340 billion, nearly 2% of the U.S. GDP. Beyond immediate costs, these accidents strain emergency services and disrupt the transportation of goods, affecting productivity. The current state of road safety in the U.S. presents a significant challenge, with 1.7 million traffic accidents recorded in 2022, with the majority recorded in California. This alarming figure is not just a standalone concern; it is projected to escalate to an estimated 2.7 million by 2025. Such an increase not only signifies a growing risk to public safety but also hints at underlying issues in traffic management and driver behavior. The most telling evidence of this problem is its direct impact on traffic flow. Approximately 80% of these accidents significantly disrupt traffic, leading to delays, increased travel times, and economic costs associated with lost productivity.
Factors Behind US Traffic Incidents
When addressing the challenge of road accidents, a critical first step is identifying the root cause, which literature suggests can be attributed to either Road Conditions or Driver Behavior. Analyzing the data reveals a notable trend – a significant proportion of accidents occur in optimal weather conditions, free from rain or snow that could compromise traction. Equally, visibility does not emerge as a primary factor, with over 90% of accidents transpiring when visibility extends beyond 3 miles. Intriguingly, the majority of accidents unfold during peak traffic hours, indicating a prevalence of low to medium-speed collisions. Importantly, the data suggests that road design is not a predominant issue in these accidents. This underscores the imperative of delving into driver behavior as a key focus for addressing and mitigating the high frequency of road accidents.
The majority of accidents unfold at key intersections—stop lights, junctions, and crossings—marked as conflict points. These areas pose heightened risk as drivers executing left or right turns must seamlessly merge with oncoming traffic while yielding to vehicles with the right of way. To address this challenge, various mitigation measures can be implemented. Introducing turning loops, employing stop signs, and incorporating give-way protocols are among the strategies aimed at enhancing the safety of these critical points. These measures are designed to streamline traffic flow, clarify right-of-way assignments, and ultimately contribute to a reduction in accidents at these high-risk locations by reducing the need for decision-making by the driver.
Recommended Mitigation Measures
To address the escalating issue of car accidents, particularly those stemming from complex driver decision-making at intersections, a targeted approach is recommended. This approach involves implementing specific traffic management solutions designed to simplify the decision-making process for drivers, thereby reducing the likelihood of accidents. The key elements of this strategy are as follows:
1. Turning Loops:
Purpose: Turning loops, also known as dedicated turning lanes, provide a designated space for vehicles to make turns without disrupting the flow of through traffic.
Implementation: These loops are often marked by dedicated lanes with clear signage, allowing turning vehicles to enter and exit the flow of traffic more safely.
Efficiency: Turning loops have demonstrated a high efficiency rate of 94%, making them a highly effective solution for managing turning movements at intersections.
2. Stop Signs:
Purpose: Stop signs are effective in controlling the movement of vehicles at intersections, ensuring that drivers come to a complete stop and yield to oncoming traffic before proceeding.
Implementation: Placing stop signs at appropriate points within an intersection helps regulate traffic and minimizes the risk of collisions, especially in situations where the right of way needs clarification.
Efficiency: Stop signs exhibit a commendable efficiency rate of 90%, proving to be a reliable means of directing traffic and minimizing conflicts.
3. Give Way Protocols:
Purpose: Give way markings and rules dictate which vehicle has the right of way, helping to prevent conflicts between turning and oncoming traffic.
Implementation: Clearly marked give-way lines and signs indicate where drivers must yield, promoting smoother merging and reducing the likelihood of accidents caused by confusion regarding right-of-way rules.
Efficiency: Give-way protocols have demonstrated an efficiency rate of 86%, contributing significantly to the orderliness and safety of intersections.
In addition to the above insights derived from the analysis of the data at hand, we sought the opinion of technical experts. The work was presented to a group of transportation engineers at Dar Al-Handasah for technical validation on the proposed mitigation measures. The engineers (Marwan Younes, Elie Beyrouthy, Rami Tawk, Elena Abi Aad, Lea Braidy, Tarek Tawouk) have worked on road design projects in Europe, USA, Africa, Arabian Gulf Countries and many more. The team confirmed that, when implemented in compliance with existing codes and standards, these measures would indeed reduce the number of accidents and lead to a safer road network with minimal infrastructure and road layout changes making them cost effective.
These measures collectively represent a cost-effective approach to traffic management. Their implementation, involving relatively simple infrastructure changes like signage and road markings, is less costly compared to more extensive road modifications. The practicality of these solutions lies in their simplicity and effectiveness, making them easily adaptable to various traffic scenarios and beneficial for drivers, pedestrians, and the broader community by creating safer, more efficient road environments.
In 1994, Tunisia’s electrification landscape presented a striking contrast. Urban areas were almost entirely electrified at 99.87%, but rural regions lagged significantly with only 66.29% access. This gap underscored a larger issue of inequality in access to basic utilities.
The Transformation Journey:
A visual representation, through a two-line chart, illustrates this journey vividly. As the years progressed, a noticeable shift occurred. The lines representing rural and urban electricity access started converging. This wasn’t just infrastructural progress; it was a story of reducing disparity and fostering inclusivity.
Achieving Parity (2016 Onwards):
By 2016, an impressive feat was achieved: both rural and urban areas reached a 100% electrification rate. This landmark achievement was the culmination of a series of strategic initiatives, reflecting Tunisia’s steadfast commitment to equitable development.
Behind the Success:
The road to this success was paved with innovative strategies and strong political will. Implementing technologies like photovoltaic cells in remote areas exemplified the innovative approach to overcoming geographical and logistical challenges.
Conclusion – A Model for the Future:
Tunisia’s electrification story is not just about lighting up homes; it’s about empowering communities, ensuring equitable access to essential services, and setting a precedent for other nations facing similar challenges. It’s a narrative that demonstrates how vision, commitment, and innovation can transform a nation.
Let’s keep this conversation going! What are your thoughts on such transformative initiatives?
