Data Visualization

Blog of the Data Visualization & Communication Course at OSB-AUB

This is my favorite part about analytics: Taking boring flat data and bringing it to life through visualization” John Tukey

Illuminating Africa: A Journey to Power

Illuminating Africa: A Journey to Power

In a world map coded in vibrant colors, a stark truth emerges—Africa remains shrouded in darkness, with the least access to electricity. This tale unfolds, revealing a problem that denies millions the fundamental right to light and power. Let us begin on a journey to shed light on this topic, investigate its complexities, and present alternative solutions for achieving transformational change. 581 million African do not have access to electricity.

When it comes to energy availability, Africa, a continent rich in resources and diversity, has a significant gap. Widespread power shortages and inadequate infrastructure plague its nations, leaving a significant portion of the population in the dark. This situation not only hampers progress and stifles economic growth but also deprives individuals of basic necessities and opportunities for a better life.

A glance at the bar chart depicting electricity access reveals a somber reality. Country after country in Africa lingers at the bottom of the chart, showcasing alarmingly low percentages. It paints a distressing picture of the challenges faced by the African people, hindering their ability to thrive and prosper.
Furthermore, the chart highlighting rural versus urban electricity access further accentuates the disparity. Rural areas suffer disproportionately, often lacking the necessary infrastructure required to bring power to remote communities. This divide deepens the social and economic gaps, perpetuating the cycle of poverty and limiting opportunities for advancement.

Recognizing the urgency of the problem, governments, international organizations, and corporate companies have joined together to find a solution. The objective is to use Africa’s rich renewable energy resources, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power, to its advantage.

A comprehensive approach entails investing in renewable energy infrastructure, implementing decentralized energy systems, and fostering partnerships. By tapping into renewable sources, Africa can establish a sustainable and resilient power grid. Solar panels can light up homes, wind turbines can generate electricity, and hydroelectric installations can power regions.
These activities are complemented by the creation of microgrids and minigrids that are customized to the specific needs of rural areas empowering local populations through training and education enables them to manage and maintain these systems independently. This bottom-up approach ensures the sustainability and longevity of the solution.
To overcome financial barriers, innovative financing mechanisms, such as public-private partnerships and green bonds, can be employed. Additionally, policy reforms and streamlined regulations can incentivize investments and facilitate the integration of renewable energy technologies into the existing grid infrastructure.

Pioneering projects across Africa have already demonstrated the immense potential of renewable energy. From the vast solar farms of Morocco to the innovative mini-grids in rural Kenya, success stories abound. Communities once enveloped in darkness now bask in the glow of reliable electricity, empowering residents and propelling local economies forward.
The positive impacts of electrification are far-reaching. Access to electricity enhances healthcare services, enabling the operation of medical equipment, refrigeration for vaccines and medicines, and improved lighting in hospitals and clinics. It also catalyzes educational opportunities by providing adequate lighting for schools, facilitating e-learning programs, and enabling students to study beyond daylight hours.

The path to deliver light and power to Africa is difficult, but not impossible. Governments, international organizations, and the corporate sector must maintain their commitment and partnership. Policy reforms, financial investments, and technology transfer should be prioritized to drive progress.
To accelerate change, global partnerships must be forged to support Africa’s electrification endeavors. Technical expertise, financial help, and capacity-building programs can be provided by developed countries and international organizations. We can collectively pave the way to a brighter future for Africa by sharing knowledge, resources, and expertise—a future in which every individual, regardless of geography, has access to the electricity.

As we conclude our journey, let us remember that by addressing Africa’s electricity access challenge, we unlock a world of possibilities. From improved healthcare and education to expanded economic opportunities, electricity empowers communities and illuminates the path toward progress. Together, let us work towards an Africa that shines brightly, embracing the promise of an electrified future. With concerted efforts, we can ensure that no one is left in the dark and that every corner of Africa thrives under the power of light.

The Path to Sustainable Development

The Path to Sustainable Development

The Power of GDP per Capita Growth in Driving Sustainable Development

In the pursuit of sustainable development goals, economic growth and development play a pivotal role. However, the progress is not uniform across regions, with many facing economic challenges and limited strides. In this blog post, we delve into the significance of GDP per capita growth as a catalyst for sustainable development, as revealed through insightful visualizations.

The world grapples with economic disparities, where some countries experience robust GDP per capita growth while others face stagnation and limited development. The evidence is clear, as symbolized in a global map showcasing GDP per capita growth rates. The varying shades signify the economic challenges that different regions encounter.

In the face of these challenges, a potential solution emerges—learning from countries with remarkable GDP per capita growth rates. By understanding their strategies and policies, we can pave the way for sustainable development. These success stories hold valuable insights for fostering economic growth in other regions.

One visualization that captures our attention is a bar chart displaying the top 5 countries with the highest GDP per capita growth. These nations have achieved remarkable progress, outshining others in economic advancements. Through vibrant bars, we witness their success stories, offering inspiration and valuable lessons.

Success stories of high-growth economies validate the impact of their strategies. These countries have effectively implemented policies that fostered economic growth while advancing sustainable development goals. Data and evidence underline the positive outcomes of their approaches, further affirming their validity.

The visualizations yield key findings with actionable recommendations. It becomes evident that sustainable economic development is crucial for achieving sustainable development goals. Policymakers, organizations, and individuals are encouraged to embrace strategies aligned with the success stories uncovered, fostering sustainable economic growth.

In conclusion, economic growth serves as a cornerstone for building a sustainable future. Leveraging the power of GDP per capita growth, when complemented by strategic policies, can drive sustainable development. Together, we can create a more equitable and prosperous world for all.

Transforming Insights into Action,Armed with newfound understanding, let us embark on a collective journey to transform insights into transformative actions. By championing sustainable economic development, we have the potential to effect lasting change, empowering regions to embrace growth and development in harmony with sustainable principles.

https://public.tableau.com/shared/B4RW6ZFT6?:display_count=n&:origin=viz_share_link

A look into CGC energy usage: Qatar Case

A look into CGC energy usage: Qatar Case

Carbon dioxide (CO2) emission status is a critical issue that has been around for many years. It is crucial for humans to reduce CO2 emissions as it is one of the most contributing factors for global warming.

As seen in the graph below, the CO2 total emissions has increased significantly throughout the years, which is entirely alarming and calls for us to take immediate actions now to stop this increase.
Indeed, there is a huge increase in CO2 emissions; however, the human population has also increased    a lot from 1990 until 2022, which means we should also check the CO2 emission per capita.
The below graph shows that the total CO2 emission per capita has decreased slightly from 1990 till 2019 in metric ton. This is due to the usage of more green energy overall.


Now, it is interesting for us to check what countries are contributing the most to this, in order for these issues to be tackled at country level.

The below bar chart shows the highest 10 countries in terms of CO2 emission per capita: the leading country for CO2 emission is Qatar, and the top 3 countries are Arab gulf countries. It is quit interesting to see why Qatar is leading this metric and why. It could be that Qatar has a bad energy management system and does not rely on clean energy.

It is well known that Qatar is one of the leading countries when it comes to producing oil and gas. Thus, it might be directly affected by that.

The Pie chart below shows that 40.96% of Qatar CO2 emission comes from gaseous activities, and 26.36% comes from electricity usage. This shows the 2 major contributors for this high CO2 emission per capita.

That presents an important question: what types of energy does Qatar use in order to provide electricity and services for its population?

Qatar depends 100% on gas, oil and coal to provide energy and electricity. This is a major finding because it means that providing alternative energy sources can tackle this problem and reduce the CO2 emission. The figures below show how much Qatar depends on oil and that Qatar uses 0% of clean energy sources.

What makes it more interesting is that we can see that the total energy consumption had increased in Qatar since the late 90s on a steady trend; below line shows the electric power consumption in Qatar through the years.

Now, it is also clear that even though the electric power consumption has increased a lot, it has dropped from its peak while still maintaining a higher value than the first record of 28.32 in 1990 with a value of 32.76 in 2019. This is mainly impacted by the growing population in Qatar as many people have traveled to Qatar in order to find better opportunities since the 90s. This is also clearly demonstrated in the population line visualization below.

In short, the problem of Qatar’s high CO2 emission is mainly attributed to the zero usage of clean energy for its different activities. For that, a couple of actions are recommended.

  • Using green energy for generating electricity
  • Introducing the solar system as an alternative
  • Implementing environmental regulations and policies to enforce emission standards and promote sustainable practices across industries
  • Investing in research and development in order to find suitable ways to reduce the emission for gaseous activities
  • Using of filters while producing gas and oil
  • Raising the population’s awareness of the importance of adapting sustainable lifestyles to reduce CO2 emissions
  • Abiding with carbon target zero ambitions in order to fight global warming
Children being out of school

Children being out of school

The top five nations in terms of the number of children who are not in school are India, Nigeria, China, Ethiopia, and Bangladesh. This ranking is based on a variety of criteria, including population size, educational infrastructure, economic situations, and social dynamics. Let’s quickly go through some of the factors that make these nations known for having large proportions of school-age children who are not attending:India: The number of children who are not in school is greatly increased by the size of the Indian population. Despite initiatives to increase access to education, issues including poverty, poor infrastructure, and cultural norms in some areas have hampered efforts to guarantee universal education.

Nigeria: Nigeria deals with issues including poverty and regional inequalities. Many kids are not attending school, especially in the country’s northern regions, due to issues including insecurity, cultural norms, resource scarcity, and poor educational infrastructure.

China: Despite significant improvements in educational access, China’s size implies that even a tiny percentage of out-of-school children can result in massive absolute numbers. The problem is exacerbated by economic differences between rural and urban areas, migration trends, and the difficulty of accessing high-quality education in remote places.

Ethiopia: Ethiopia has several socioeconomic issues that limit children’s possibilities for schooling. Particularly in rural and marginalized populations, poverty, poor infrastructure, conflicts, and cultural barriers might make it difficult to obtain education.

Bangladesh: Despite recent progress, Bangladesh still has challenges in ensuring that all children have access to education. The goal of universal education is challenged by issues including poverty, child labor, societal standards, gender inequities, and a lack of resources.

While these five nations are emphasized as having high rates of out-of-school youth, it’s crucial to keep in mind that several other nations all over the world deal with comparable challenges.

 

One striking aspect of this visualization is the gender disparity within the out-of-school population. The data reveals that 55.86% of these children are female, while the remaining 44.14% are male. This significant difference suggests that girls face additional barriers to accessing education, contributing to their higher representation in the out-of-school population.

 

The time aspect of the visualization is another important discovery. It suggests that 1971 stands out as a significant turning point, denoting the height of youngsters not attending school. This observation allows us to examine the progress made over the years in addressing this issue and implementing educational reforms.

Additionally, the graphic highlights a recurrent pattern where females had more children out of school than males throughout the course of the studied years. This pattern underlines the critical need for specific interventions and policies to overcome the ongoing gender disparities that prevent girls from achieving educational success. It is also significant to notice that, in addition to the gender gap, the data visualization also demonstrates the average number of “kids being out of school” has been progressively declining over time.

This result shows that, despite persistent gender inequities, attempts to address the problem of out-of-school children have had beneficial results. To advance toward attaining universal access to education, it emphasizes the significance of consistent investment in education and targeted activities meant to reach the most vulnerable groups, notably females.

By recognizing this declining trend in the average number of children out of school, we can acknowledge the impact of educational policies and interventions that have been implemented to improve access and reduce barriers to education. However, it is crucial to remain vigilant and address the underlying factors contributing to gender disparities and ensure that every child, regardless of their gender, has equal opportunities to receive a quality education.

To sum it up, while the visualization highlights a decreasing average number of children being out of school over the years, the persistence of gender disparities emphasizes the need for continued efforts to bridge the gap and provide equal educational opportunities for all children, ultimately fostering a more inclusive and equitable society.

Bridging the Electricity Divide with Portable Power Supply Stations – Welcome to Madagascar

Introduction

A life without electricity. A world plunged into darkness, where everyday tasks become formidable challenges. From the moment we wake up to the time we go to sleep, electricity powers our lives, enabling us to connect, learn, and thrive. I Am Mazen Harb the founder and CEO of RenewaPower, and our mission is to establish a network of renewable portable power stations across Madagascar, addressing the energy deficit faced by millions of people. This by utilizing clean sources. To achieve our ambitious vision, we will adopt a comprehensive approach. The big Story Idea here is far beyond simply providing access to electricity. It is about transforming lives, fostering economic growth, and preserving the environment.

In the following figure (Figure 1.) we can drag our focus to the countries with the least accessibility to electricity in terms of population percentage. Our comprehensive analysis of global access to electricity shows that African nations face the greatest challenges in terms of population percentage lacking electricity connectivity. By zooming in on the most affected countries, this caption (Figure 2. and Figure 3.) emphasizes the lowest percentage of the population in African countries lacking access to electricity, including the addition of Seychelles for our later reference. The displayed heatmap indicates that there has been negligible progress in electricity accessibility among countries included in our study over a span of 10 years between 2011 and 2020

Contrasting Seychelles and Madagascar (Figure 4. and Figure 5.)

When we examine access to electricity, we find a significant disparity among African nations. In Seychelles, a small island nation blessed with abundant sunshine and breathtaking beaches, access to electricity is widespread, empowering its people and economy.

Seychelles’ geographical advantage has attracted tourists from around the world, fueling a vibrant tourism industry. This influx of visitors has created countless business opportunities, stimulated economic growth and improved the standard of living for its citizens. In contrast, just a short distance away lies Madagascar, a larger neighboring island with similar geographical features. However, the lack of access to electricity hampers its development potential. Without reliable electricity, Madagascar faces numerous challenges. Businesses struggle to operate efficiently, hampering economic growth. Education and healthcare are impacted, hindering progress, and limiting opportunities for its people.

Introducing our Portable Power Supply Stations

In response to this pressing issue, we are proud to introduce our revolutionary solution: Portable Power Supply Stations. These stations harness the power of renewable energy sources such as water, sunlight, and wind. Our stations can be easily deployed in any area, bringing electricity to remote regions and communities in need. By utilizing clean and sustainable energy, we aim to bridge the gap, empowering individuals and catalyzing development.

Brief Conclusion

Access to electricity is not just a luxury; it is a fundamental catalyst for progress. With our Portable Power Supply Stations, we can unlock the potential of communities, fostering economic growth, improving lives, and illuminating a brighter future for all. Together, let us bring light to the darkest corners and empower those who have been left in the shadows.

https://public.tableau.com/views/WORLDDEVELOPMENTSINDICATORS_FinalWeek/Dashboard5?:language=en-US&publish=yes&:display_count=n&:origin=viz_share_link

Bring the heat DOWN! How our use of electricity is affecting global warming.

Bring the heat DOWN! How our use of electricity is affecting global warming.

“Ice storm rolls from Texas to Tennessee – I’m in Los Angeles and it’s freezing. Global warming is a total, and very expensive, hoax!” — Donald Trump, Dec. 6, 2013

The Ex-US president is not the only one who has a hard time believing in Global warming. Many weather fluctuations, including cold weather and floods, may lead us to think that our planet’s temperature is not that high. However, Understanding the science behind “Climate” and how our daily lives affect it, will give you a completely new perspective.

Extreme heat, drought, and dry crops are not the only effects of Global warming. These are merely the HOT weather aspects we might experience. In fact, Climate is a set of many weather changes that fluctuate depending on the location and the time of year, like storms, precipitations, and water temperature. Any extreme change in these indicators is a sign of climate change.

In the Past years, extreme weather has included floods, droughts, increases in heat waves, irregular storms, arctic meltdowns, and increases in coastal sea levels. These were all traced back to an increase in temperature. As we can see in the graph below, our planet’s temperature has significantly increased in the past 100 years and we reached today 1 degree Celsius above the normal average.

So, global warming is the climate change we are facing, but why?

Several causes are contributing to the increase of our planet’s temperature, the most important and significant of them are Greenhouse gases and CO2 on the rise.

The Earth already had greenhouse gases in its atmosphere as part of its natural carbon cycle, and this was before humans ever came along. But since the Industrial Revolution in the 1800s, humans have been adding even more carbon dioxide, methane, and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. These act like the windows on a glass greenhouse. Some gases in the atmosphere will trap certain wavelengths of energy from bouncing back into space (below highlighted in red), and that trapped energy heat, keeps our planet warm.

The dashboard helps us visualise that greenhouse gases have been on the rise since 1960 without halt. We can also observe that even though the CO2 emission has slightly decreased since 2017, this decrease comes from decline in industry and construction activity. CO2 Emission coming from factories and constructions went down from causing 32% fall CO2 emissions to nearly 13% due to several laws obliging factories to apply stricter rules reducing emission. However, the high rise in CO2 emissions from electricity production (which climbed from 30% to 42%) and transportation ( going from 12% to 27%) which made the positive decrease in industry emission negligible.

Its also important to notice that although environmentalist have been calling upon the human race to implement strategies that reduce pollution and CO2 emissions, the decrease in those 2 monitored values are nearly negligible.

As reasoned earlier, and evident in the dashboard, the highest increases in CO2 levels are caused by the production of Electricity! Yes, the electricity we as humans can no longer live without, is mostly produced by fuels: When fuels are burned for energy, carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are released as bi-products.

in the below plot, its noticeable from recent data that we are still highly relaying on the oil, coal and gas (fossil fuels) in the production of %82 of electricity, which is considered a still high percentage especially after global efforts to reduce such polluted energy and to rely on green alternatives such as hydro, nuclear, wind and solar powers.

Our reasons for concern come from the more indirect effects of global warming. Long term damage is bigger than what we imagine as illustrated in the below diagram, and it is approaching more rapidly:

The weather effects will surely lead to serious social, economic, and health-related complications, that is why it is important that we all unite in the face of this rapid climate change, and take a stand by conserving energy and calling for cleaner energy sources.

There are many ramifications to climate change, but one thing is a fact: ending fuel based electricity production, will eliminate the biggest source of CO2 production.
Other promising methods of providing electricity, all of which with Zero gas emissions should and can be used instead. they will have low carbon print and will definitely reduce the global increasing temperatures.

With everything discussed, there is no denying that global warming is real. we can conclude that even though producing electricity is currently the largest contributor to global warming, the hoax is assuming that we need to live in the dark ages to avoid the problem. however we must acknowledge that there is a serious need to make a positive shift towards green energy.

Don’t burn your kid’s future. Stop Global Warming.